The following research report contains market research, analysis, statistics and business intelligence relating to research on Textile Machinery In India. 
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ABSTRACT This report provides valuable information on the Indian textile machinery market. Although this industry sector is relatively small, there is some potential for real growth. The report is particularly useful because it provides comprehensive lists of contacts in the sector. U.S. firms interested in the sector are advised to be more aggressive about marketing their goods and services.
The total Indian market for the textile machinery in 1997 (the latest year for which complete data are available) was estimated at USD 895 million. The market is projected to grow at an average annual nominal growth rate of 6 percent during the next 2 years.
There are at least 20 domestic companies offering textile machinery for spinning, weaving, texturizing and finishing. The Lakshmi Group of Coimbatore has been the most successful of these companies. Lakshmi=s success is attributable to its longevity in the sector and its ability to offer a range of textile machinery directly or through its sister companies. Consequently, Lakshmi can meet the needs of a variety of end users.
For the past two years, the market has been in a recession. As a result, market players have become very cost conscious and price sensitive. However, the future looks bright used textile machinery. This market segment is likely to grow faster than the broader market. The major factors that are likely to produce growth for this sector include:
1. A worldwide increase in demand for Indian textiles and garments. 2. The lowering of customs duties on imported textile machinery. 3. Reduced government restrictions on the import of the used capital goods. 4. The reduced cost of the used equipment which makes textile manufacturing operations more viable.
The U.S. market share of imported textile machinery is only approximately 3 percent. Competitors from European countries such as Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom have taken the lead and are concentrating on equipment for cotton spinning, weaving, carding, winding and finishing. To become more competitive, U.S. companies need to shift their focus from only offering new equipment to offering both new and used textile machinery to the Indian market. Given this type of shift in focus, it is estimated that U.S. companies could increase their share of textile machinery imports to 10 percent over the next four to five years. In addition, U.S. firms can increase their competitiveness by forming alliances with experienced Indian partners who are very familiar with Indian market conditions.
Another strategy for increasing the competitiveness of U.S. companies in the Indian market would be to focus on marketing used textile machinery on a turn key basis, and coupling the transfer of machinery with technological transfers, training, and buy-back commitment for the Indian textiles and garments. This type of strategy is highly supported at the national and regional levels by the Government of India (GOI).
A. MARKET HIGHLIGHTS AND BEST PROSPECTS
Market Profile
The Indian textile industry is the second largest in the world--second only to China. Indian textiles also account for 38 percent of the country=s total exports and is, therefore, a very important industry. The forecast is that textiles exports will reach USD 35 billion by the year 2000.
To sustain this growth, it is imperatives that the textile industry produce goods of high quality at reasonable prices. This means that the industrymust continuously modernize its machinery. Therefore, the textile machinery industry sector has an integral role to play in the growth of India=s textile exports. Industry analysts note that textile prices are increasingly competitive worldwide as more and more developing countries enter the global textile trade. To maintain, if not increase, its global market share, the Indian textile industry must procure modern, low-cost, textile machinery so that it can produce high quality textiles and garments for export at competitive prices. It is in this context that the market for used textile machinery is viewed as very promising. Used textile machinery permits India to incorporate new technology at low cost.
Here are a few important facts about India=s textile:
1. There are approximately 1200 medium to large scale textile mills in India. Twenty percent of these mills are located in Coimbatore (Tamilnadu). 2. India has 34 million cotton textile spindles for manufacturing cotton yarn. Cotton yarns account for 70 percent of India=s textile exports. (China has 40 million cotton spindles.) 3. Of the Indian textile yarn exports, almost 80 percent come from coarser yarns (counts below 40s). Consequently, there is a need to upgrade the technology. 4. For the past two years, there has been a significant slow-down in the cotton spinning segment, mainly due to the spiraling price of cotton. 5. The domestic knitting industry is characterized by small scale units which lack adequate facilities for dyeing, processing and finishing. The industry is concentrated in Tirupur (Tamilnadu) and Ludhiana (Punjab). Tirupur produces 60 percent of the country=s total knitwear exports. Knitted garments account for almost 32 percent of all exported garments. The major players include Nahar Spinning, Arun Processors and Jersey India.
Status of the Textile Machinery Industry Approximately 120 companies manufacture the complete range of textile machinery. Gross receipts for the Industry in 1997 were nearly USD 700 million. The industry employs about 150,000 workers directly and an equal number indirectly. The demand for textile machinery is mainly from end user in the cotton textiles, manmade fibers and wool units textile sectors. The industry=s major problems are:
1. Inadequate design and engineering capability. 2. The high cost of raw material and components. 3. The high cost of finance. 4. Demand constraints. 5. Competition from foreign countries as a result of the lowering of import duties on textile machinery. 6. The high quality of imported textile equipment.
The textile machinery industry sector experienced between 7 and 8 percent nominal growth in 1997.
Imported textile equipment include: Auto cone winders; open-ended spinning units; single-cylinder knitting machines; CAD systems; continuous fusing machines; air-jet looms; and texturizing machines. The major exporters of textile machinery to India include: Japan; Switzerland; Germany; Korea; the UK; the U.S.; and Italy. A number of textile projects were established in India between 1993 and 1995 that incorporated used imported equipment. These projects were undertaken by the following companies: Samtex Fashions Ltd.; Hanil Era Textiles Ltd.; and Tai-Chonbong Industries Ltd. Based on the success of these projects, there is good demand for used textile machinery that has been reconditioned and supplied on a turnkey basis. It is suggested that U.S. companies use this strategy to expand its market share.
Table 1.--Market Size Table (In millions of U.S. dollars)
Projected Avg. Annual Growth Rate
For next 1997 1998 1999 2 years
Import Market 375 390 415 8% Local Production 600 600 610 3% Export 80 90 100 10% Total Market 895 900 925 6% Import from U.S. 10 11 12 10% Exchange Rates 42.50 43.00 43.50
Note: Table 1 presents nominal growth rates; the growth rates are not adjusted for inflation.
Estimated Future inflation rate: 6 percent Import market shares for 1996: U.S. 3 %; Germany 15%; Switzerland 20%; the U.K. 6%; Japan 20%; Italy 7%; and Korea 6%.
Sources: Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence Statistics (DGCIS) and Industry consultants.
The Market share for used textile machinery is approximately 20 percent of the total market for textile machinery. As outlined earlier, the textile industry is undergoing a mild recession and becoming more competitive. Therefore, the industry prefers to install quality used textiles machinery in anticipation of growth in global demand. This is expected to accelerate the demand for used textile machinery. Table 2.--Market Size of Used Textile Machinery (In millions of U.S. dollars)
Last Current Next Avg. Ann. Year Year Year Growth for 1997 1998 1999 following 2 years
Import Market 75 85 100 15%
1996 import market shares: U.S. 0; Germany 20%; Switzerland 25%; Japan 10%; and Korea 15%. Source: Industry consultants.
The market=s receptivity to U.S. products will improve if U.S. companies couple the transfer of equipment with the transfer of technology and with buy-back agreements for the textiles that are produced with the imported machinery. This type of arrangement works best when executed on a turn key basis. In the past, the Indian market has been quite receptive to the import of used textile machinery from Korea, Switzerland, and Germany. It might be advantageous for U.S. companies to make a collective effort to try the above described strategy. Best Sales Prospects
Best sales prospects account for 60 percent of the total textile machinery market. The remaining 40 percent is distributed among textile machinery types that are described later in the report.
The market for imported textile machinery is estimated at USD 375 million. The distribution of imported machinery, by type, is presented below:
Percent Market HS Code Machinery Share
84454000 Winding or Reeling Machines 20.0 84.46 Weaving Machine 14.5 84452000 Textile Spinning Machines 12.5 84451100 Carding Machine 5.5
The share of used textile machinery is approximately 20% of the total market of imported machinery. Best sales prospects for used textile machinery are presented below:
Textile Winding or reeling machines Textile Spinning machines Weaving machines Carding machines Airjet looms Auto coners Texturizing machines Ring Frames
The major types of machinery, their market share, and a ranking of their prospects is presented in table 3.
Table 3.--Textile Machinery Best Prospects (In millions of U.S. dollars)
Machinery 1997 Sales Prospects
Winding/reeling machines 76.3 H Spinning machines 46.9 H Weaving machines 54.4 H Carding machines 20.8 H
Source: Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence Statistics (DGCIS) B. COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
The Market
The current and future market position and market share of domestic, U.S. and the third countries have been summarized in table 4. Table 4.--Current and Future Market Shares
Approximate Current Approximate Future Supplier Market Share Market Share Domestic 61 % 50 % US 1 % 10 % Third country 38 % 40 %
Source: Director General Commercial Intelligence Statistics (DGCIS)
The prospective growth in U.S. market share is likely to occur mainly through the sale of used textile equipment. This growth will occur at the expense of domestic producers. The market share of third countries will probably increase slightly due to their competitive edge in price, creditfacilities, and service offerings. Again, the major third countries are Japan, Germany, Switzerland, and the U.K. To obtain a perspective on the types of textile machinery projects that have been undertaken in recent years, information on selected projects is provided below:
Name of the Company: Soma Textiles & Industrial Ltd., (1993-94) Project/Place: Cotton spinning unit with an aggregate installed capacity of 30,240 spindles to manufacture cotton, yarn at Baramati Dist., Pune in Maharashtra Project Cost: USD 3.7 million Name of the supplier: a) Spinning preparatory machinery from M/S Rieter Machine Works Ltd., Switzerland b) Auto cones from W. Schlafhorst, Germany c) Speed frames and ring frames from M/S Laxmi Machine Works, Coimbatore d) Quality control equipments from Zelleweger, Switzerland
Name of the Company: Kandagiri Spinning Mills Ltd.,(1995-96) Project/Place: An expansion project involving the installation of 11,520 spindles and also certain special purpose machines required for yarn exports such as auto cone winders, two for one twisters and singeing machines at Seshancha-vadi Post, Mettupatti, Salem, Tamil Nadu
Name of the Company: Arun Processors Ltd., Project/Place: Knitting and processing facilities to manufacture 1,050 TPA of knitted processed fabrics of Singampettai Village, Bhavani Taluk, Periyar, District, Tamilnadu Project Cost: USD 9.8 million
Name of the Supplier: a) Circular knitting machines from Mayor & Cie, Germany b) Singeing machine and merceizer from Lindouer Dornier Gesellscheft, Germany c) Bleaching and dyeing machines from Thies GmbH, Germany d) A range of finishing machines including stretching, shrinking and calendering from santex AG, Switzerland Name of the Company: Maral Overseas Ltd., (LNJ Bhilwara Group, Indore) Name of the Supplier: Rieter Spinning System from Switzerland Fakuhara Knitting Machines of Japan and processing machines from Salvos, Greece and Switzerland. Name of the Company: Gee Kay Textiles Ltd.,(1992-93) Project/Place: Open-ended spinning unit for manufacturing cotton yarn using cotton and cotton waste at village Mohabat, 15 km., Stone, Tosham Road, Dist. Hisar (Haryana) Project Cost: USD 2.6 million Name of the Supplier: BDA ION model open end spinning machine from M/s Elitex 56215 Usti Nad Orlici, Czechoslovakia
Name of the Company: Hisar Spinning Mills Ltd. Project/Place: Open-ended spinning unit for manufacturing cotton yarn at V&PO, Dabra, Dist. Hisar (Haryana) Project Cost: USD 2.5 million Name of the Supplier: 3 numbers open end machines of 224 rotors from M/S Eltiex Usti Nad Orlici, Czechoslovakia
Indian Companies
The major Indian companies that have a strong presence in the textile machinery industry sector include:
Lakshmi Machine Works, Coimbatore Textool Ltd., Coimbatore Trumac Engg., Coimbatore New Standard Engg., Mumbai
Trumac Engg. Company Ltd., a joint venture of Trutzschler of Germany and ATE Enterprises Ltd., manufactures the latest generation spinning preparatory machinery for cotton and synthetic fibers. Trumac has excelled in the manufacture of blow rooms with lap (scutcher) and chute feed systems. Trumac is also the first company in India to manufacture international quality high production cards and has over 800 cards operating in India=s leading textiles mills. Trumac, offers a complete range of spinning preparatory machinery--installed and serviced by their engineers.
Gross industry receipts for India=s textile machinery industry is presently around USD 600 million. Approximately USD 80 million in Indian textile machinery is exported to other developing countries. Imports
Imports currently constitute 38.5 percent of the total textile machinery market.However, this value is likely to increase to 45 percent by 2000 due to a liberalized import policy that features a reduction in customs duties.
Significant suppliers of critical textile machinery are:
Equipment Supplier
1. Airjet Looms Tsudokama, Japan 2. Auto coners Scalfhorsdt, Germany, Mitsubishi, Japan 3. Texturizing Machines Marubeni, Japan 4. Ring Frames Laxmi Rieter, India
A comprehensive list of foreign companies servicing the Indian market include:
Third Country Suppliers Country
Automatik Apparate Maschinenbau GmbH Germany Bruno Amsler Ag Switzerland Camber Int=l Ltd. UK Giudici Davide & Figli SNC Italy Int=l Textile Services Zurich Kyang Yhe Delicate Machine Co Ltd. Taiwan, ROC Novotex Bulgaria Metrimpex Hungatian Trading Co. Hungary, Oscar Dilo Machinen fabrik KG Germany Parker Hannifan Corpn, West Germany SKF Textilmaschinen-Komponenten GmbH West Germany Strojimport Foreign Trade Corpn Czechoslovakia Teijin Seiki Co. Ltd. Japan Terrot Strickmaschinen GmbH West Germany Textima Export-Import East Germany Val Lesina SPA Italy Trutzschler GmbH & Co. Germany Tsudokama Corpn Japan (Air-Jet looms)Nuovopignone Italy Bonas Machine Co. Ltd. UK Hans Affuppur West Germany Liba Machinenfabrik GmbH W. Germany Bentley Engineering Co Ltd. UK RHN Grieve Ltd. UK Comez, Spain S. A. Serracant Spain Murao Bookl Kaisha Ltd. Japan Gebruder Luscher AG Switzerland Bates Textile Machine Co. Ltd. UK Roblon Engineering Denmark PEGG Whiteley & Sons Ltd. UK Mesdan Italy Bruckner Trockentechnik K.G. West Germany Friedrichsfeld, Mannheim West Germany Scalfhorsdt Germany Mitsubishi Japan Marubeni Japan Rieter Switzerland Oerlikon Switzerland Kohap Korea US Market Position and Share
The U.S. market share of Indian imports of textile machinery has been minuscule--less than 1 percent
The major factors that produce this low market share include: a) Competitors (particularly European companies) are able to market their products with support from government as a package deal. This mainly includes credit and funding facilities for Indian projects. b) The US is not known to be a major supplier of textile machinery. In fact, much of the textile machinery that is installed at U.S. plants is imported from Europe and Japan. A list of U.S. companies seeking to enter the Indian market is provided below:
US Supplier
Gessner Company, U.S. Gaston County Co. Ltd., U.S. H. H. Arnold, U.S. C. END USER ANALYSIS
Because U.S. firms will mainly be able to expand market share in the Indian textile machinery market through the provision of used equipment, a list of prospective end users of used equipment is provided below:
Raymond Ltd., Mumbai Grasim Industries Ltd., Nagda DCM Textiles, New Delhi S. Kumar=s, Calcutta Reliance Industries, Ahmedabad Mafatlal Industries, Mumbai Arvind Mills Ltd., Ahmedabad Ashima Syntex, Ahmedabad Nahar Spining, Ludhiana
Almost 90 percent of the demand for used textile machinery is likely to come from the private sector. The government-owned National Textiles Corporation (NTC), which acquired approximately 140 failing textile units, is the only prospective enduser in the public sector. Open-ended spining units and auto-cones are likely to be the most demanded pieces of machinery. Future demand for used textile machinery is projected to grow at approximately 15 percent. Companies interested in entering the market should be aware that the most important factors that determines a successful sale in India is the price and quality of the machinery, and the after sales service. D. MARKET ACCESS
Import Climate
The normal import duty on project imports is 25 percent. In general, the import climate (in particular the regulatory requirements) is highly conducive to U.S. trade. A textile modernization fund has also been initiated by the GOI to help modernize the industry.
There is no marking or labeling requirement in the sector. U.S. companies can obtain information on the relevant standards from Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The address is:
Bureau of Indian Standards Manak Bhawan IP Extension, P. O. Indraprastha New Delhi - 110 002 Distribution/Business Practices
The best method for distributing products in this sector is by offering turnkey project services and technologies together with a buy-back commitment for textiles and garments produced by the machinery. U.S. companies should target greenfield projects as well as expansion projects to capitalize on the vast market potential. A reliable local partner/representative could very valuable in providing U.S. companies with market information on a regular basis. The partner/representative could also perform follow-up services. Financing
The GOI is providing several fiscal and financial incentives to promote textile projects which are export oriented. Recently the GOI approved a USD 5,800 million technology upgradation fund scheme (TUFS) with the objective of modernizing and technologically upgrading textile and jute industries to enhance their viability and competitiveness. The program will run for five years and is to begin on April 1, 1999.
Under the program, adequate funds are available to finance all techno-economically viable projects. Within the textile industry, the following segments have been identified: weaving; knitting; processing and finishing units including composite mills (but not stand-alone spinning units); garment manufacturing; and cotton ginning and pressing. The jute industry will be eligible for concessional loans for its upgradation needs. It is easier to acquire funding for export oriented units (EOU) under the TUFS program, and favorable loans are easy to obtain at for companies in the textile industry. LIST OF KEY CONTACTS
B. K. Patodia Chairman Pastspin India Ltd 3rd Floor, >Palal Towers= Ravipuram, M. G. Road, Kochi - 682 016
U.V.Warlu Chairman 41, Nagarjuna Hills Punjagutta Hyderabad - 500 082
V.P. Punj Chairman C. T. Cotton Yarn Ltd. 25-B, Malanpur Industrial Area District Bhind - 477 116 (M.P.)
Grasim Industries Ltd. 116, Free Press House 215, Nariman Point Mumbai - 400 021
G. K. Sundaram, Chairman, Lakshmi Mills Sanjay Lalbhai Managing Director Arvind Mills Group Ahmedabad
Indian Manufacturers
Precise Textile Machinery Industries 9, Shri Vallabh Industrial Estate, Opp. Gujarat Bottling co., Rakhial Ahmedabad - 380 023 Ph: 314098
New Standard Engg Co. Ltd NSE Estate Gorgaon (E) Mumbai -400 063 Ph: 8735261 Fax: 8727926
Padmatex Engineering Ltd. 8th Floor, Mafatlal Center Nariman Point Mumbai - 400 021 Ph: 243488 Fax: 2043571
Texmaco Limited Birla Building 9/1, R N Mukherjee Road Calcutta - 700 001 Ph: 205356, 280135 Fax: 289110
Balu Engineering Works 63G, Thiruvalluvar Street G. N. Mills Post Vellakinar Privu Coimbatore- 641 029
Brundha Textile Industries A 49, Sakkaral Chettiar Nagar Varadharajapuram Coimbatore - 641 015 Ph: 574734
ELGI Polytex Ltd. 8/27, Race Course Road Coimbatore - 641 018 Ph: 25000, 32009 Fax: 34344
Excel Engineering Works 27, Ammulu Nagar, Perur Main Road Selvapuram Coimbatore - 641 026
Lakshmi Card Clothing Mfg. Co. Ltd. Kuppuswamy Naidu Puram Coimbatore - 638 662 Ph: 88256
Lakshmi Machine Works L. M. W. Unit 1 Coimbatore - 641 020 Ph: 89371 Fax: 212420
Lakshmi Textile Exporters Ltd. P.N. 4013, U. R. House, Avinashi Road Coimbatore- 641 004 Ph: 217 722 Fax: 31420
Mohan Industry 1/52, Athippalayam Coimbatore - 641 110 Ph: 89622
Priyadharshini Pneumatic Equipments 127, Lakshmipuram Peelamedu, Coimbatore - 641 004
Spinloom Associates POB No. 2485, 64, Park Street Kattor Coimbatore-641 009 Ph: 33258
Sree Saraswathi Metals 128, Krishna Layout Idigarai, Idigarai (P.O.) Coimbatore - 641 031
Textool Company Limited Ganapathy Coimbatore-541 006 Ph: 531271 Fax: 532848
Welcome Traders 469-1, 2C, R. V. Complex Avanashi Road Peelamadu Coimbatore - 641 004 Ph: 573988 (PP)
ATE Enterprise Ltd. 61, Dr. S. S. Rao Road Parel (E) Mumbai-400 012 Ph: 022-4120179, 4143918 Fax: 413 9335
Arvind Ind 78, Amrut Estate, Dudheshwar Ahmedabad - 380004 Ph: 387045
Bakhubhai Ambalal (Division of Sarabhai Machinery Limited) Shahibag House, 1st Floor 15, Walchand Hirachand Marg, Ballard Estate Mumbai-400038 Ph: 260 419, 268 758
Trumac Engg. Co. Ltd. Ahmedabad List of Trade Associations
Adoni Handloom Master Weaves= Association Adoni Kurnool 518 301, A.P. A.P. Federation of Textile Association 344, Ramgopalpet Secunderabad - 500 003
All India Manufacturers Organization Assam State Board Udyognagar Makum Road Tinsukia - 786 125 Ph: 20450 Ahmedabad Textile Mills Association Ranchhodlal Marg POB 4056 Navrangapura Ahmedabad 380009 Ph: 40827 Contact person: Mr. N. V. Ranganathan
Haryana Textile Manufacturers Association 77 Model Town Panipat 130103 Ph: 2667
Karnataka Textile Mills Association 64, 4th Main NR 18 Cross Malleswaram Bangalore - 560 055
M.P. Importers and Exporters Association 207, Silver Arc Plaza, 20/1-C New Palasia POB 591 Indore - 452 001
Northern India Textile Mills Association PHD House Siri Fort Inst. Area Opp Asian Games Village New Delhi - 110 016
List of Government. Undertaking Central Silk Board No. 39, United Mans MG Road Bangalore - 560 001
Directorate of Cotton Development 14 Kamani Marg Mumbai- 400 038
Directorate of Supplies (Textiles) New CGO Building Sir V. Thakersey Marg Mumbai - 400 020
Maharashtra Chambers of Commerce 12K, Dubash Marg Mumbai 400 001
Chief Controller of Imports and Exports Udyog Bhawan Maulana Azad Road New Delhi - 110 001
National Textile Corporation Ltd. Surya Kiran, 8th Floor 19, K. G. Marg New Delhi- 110 001
Trade Fair Authority of India Pragati Maidan New Delhi - 110 001
Engineering Exports Promotion Council World Trade Center 1st Floor, 14/1/B, Ezra St. Calcutta - 700 001
Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council (Texprocil)
The South India Mills Association (SIMA) Tirupur
Cotton Advisory Board Delhi
Apparel Export Promotion Council New Delhi
Indian Silk Export Promotion Council
Ministry of Textiles Government of India
Indian Cotton Mills Federation
Ministry of Textiles Udyog Bhawan New Delhi - 110 011 TRADE PROMOTION OPPORTUNITIES
List of Exhibitions
Textile World Expo=99, is being organized in conjunction with the 79th world conference of the Textile Institutes. The South India Section of the Textile Institute is organizing a trade fair under the name and style Textile World Expo=99 complementing the 79th World Conference at Chennai
Contact: The Coordinator, Textile World Expo=99 The Textile Institute, South India Section No: 308, Raheja Center, Avanashi Road, Coimbatore - 641 018, India, Fax: 0422 211044, (/ 211004 Textil Home9 99 Venue : Sao Panto, Brazil Date: 22-24 July9 99 Organizer: Exponor, 4450 Leca Da Palmeria - Portugal Ph: 351-2-998 1400, Fax: 351-2-995 7499
Textiles & Garments B. S. M. Venue: South Africa Date: March 9-12'99
Tex Styles India=99 Venue: Pragati Maidan, New Delhi Date: Feb 1-4'99 REGIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
Another strategy for consideration by U.S. companies is to transfer existing textile manufacturing plants to India and produce textile products using abundant and cheap Indian labor. Produced goods could be sold domestically and/or exported. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE MARKET
Currently, industry players are dependent on the GOI for export license due to the imposition of export quotas on Indian textiles and garments. However, India=s expected signing of World Trade Organization Agreements in the near future will create free trade conditions for Indian textiles. In addition, the industry is dependent on the GOI with respect to procuring cotton due to restrictions on imports. Finally, industry players are encumbered by the GOI=s setting of market prices on textile goods.
DISCLAIMER Information in this report relies on sources including Government Publications, Opinions of industry experts and other public sources. Infomat can accept no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of such information or for loss or damage caused by any use thereof. All prices subject to change without notice. |
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Published: 2006 August Market: Mens Womens Childrens Region: India Industry: Textiles Pages: 45 Delivery: 7-12 Business Days SKU: infre0000323 |